![]() ![]() ![]() The industrial revolution in the past five decades is remarkable. ![]() Together these spheres are important for maintaining a balanced ecosystem. Nature has gifted our earth with four spheres biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. Choice of desorption agent should be carefully selected to prevent alteration of physical properties of a biosorbent. Recovery of biosorbed metals can be done using agents like thiosulfate, mineral acids and organic acids. Various models including Freundlich model and Langmuir model can be used to describe biosorption. Different factors affect the rate of biosorption which includes temperature, pH, nature of biosorbents, surface area to volume ratio, concentration of biomass, initial metal ion concentration and metal affinity to biosorbent. Not only living organisms, but also residuals of dead bodies of microorganisms shows biosorbent properties like agricultural wastes including husk, seeds, peels and stalks of different crops. Biosorption is exhibited by bacteria, algae, fungi and yeasts. One such strategy is biosorption which is binding of metal ions with metal binding proteins present on the cell wall. These strategies can be metabolism dependent or independent. They have adopted different strategies to cope up with the harmful effects of these metals. Micro-organisms are present in industrial effluents. Heavy metals are known to persist in the environment and become a risk for organisms. Industrialization has led to introduction of heavy metals in the environment. ![]()
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